Sharia, Women, and Digital Financial Violence: Examining Verbal Sexual Harassment in Illegal Online Lending Collection
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Sharia, Women’s Protection, Digital Financial Violence, Verbal Sexual Harassment, Illegal Online Lending
Abstract
Illegal online lending has emerged as a prominent aspect of digital financial services, providing rapid credit access while simultaneously engendering significant legal and ethical challenges. A particularly concerning consequence is the incidence of verbal sexual harassment targeted at women. This study aims to investigate the practice of illegal online lending and the employment of verbal sexual harassment against women as a method of abusive debt collection. The research is grounded in secondary data sources, including legal documents, regulations, and pertinent literature. The analysis utilizes a synchronistic-comparative and descriptive-analytical framework to evaluate the congruence between legal norms, Islamic legal principles, and human dignity, with particular emphasis on maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah (objectives of Islamic law). The findings reveal that verbal sexual harassment within illegal online lending constitutes a systematic form of coercive collection, encompassing intimidation, threats, and the exploitation of personal data. It highlights a socio-normative disparity between the rapid expansion of digital financial services and the insufficiency of effective legal safeguards, thereby facilitating the exploitation of vulnerable populations. From the perspective of maqāṣid, such practices are unequivocally prohibited and may be classified as jarīmah (crimes) subject to ta‘zīr (discretionary punishment), as they contravene the principles of human dignity (karāmah insāniyyah) and the prohibition of harm (mafsadah). This study contributes by offering a juridical framework integrating positive and Islamic law and promoting ethical governance through a digital Sharia audit.
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